SECTION 140.9 – PRESCRIPTIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR COVERED PROCESSES

(a) Prescriptive Requirements for Computer Rooms. Computer rooms with a power density greater than 20 W/ft² shall comply with this section.

1. Economizers. Each individual cooling system primarily serving computer rooms shall include either:

A. An integrated air economizer capable of providing partial cooling even when additional mechanical cooling is required and capable of providing 100 percent of the expected system cooling load at 65°F to 80.6°F supply air temperature at outside air temperatures of 65°F dry-bulb and below or 50°F wet-bulb and below, and be equipped with a fault detection and diagnostic system as specified by Section 120.2(i); or

B. An integrated water economizer capable of providing partial cooling even when additional mechanical cooling is required and capable of providing 100 percent of the expected system cooling load at 65°F to 80.6°F supply air temperature at outside air temperatures of 50°F dry-bulb and below or 45°F wet-bulb and below.

EXCEPTION 1 to Section 140.9(a)1: Individual computer rooms with an ITE design load under 5 tons (18 kW) in a building that does not have any economizers.

EXCEPTION 2 to Section 140.9(a)1: A computer room with an ITE design load less than 20 tons (70 kW) may be served by a second fan system without an economizer if it is also served by a fan system with an economizer that also serves other spaces within the building, provided that all of the following are met:

i. The economizer system is sized to meet the design cooling load of the computer room when the other spaces within the building are at 50 percent of their design load at outside air temperatures of 65°F dry-bulb and below or 50°F wet-bulb and below; and

ii. The economizer system has the ability to serve only the computer rooms connected to it, e.g., shut off flow to other spaces within the building when unoccupied.

2. Power Consumption of Fans. The total fan power at design conditions of each fan system shall not exceed 27 W/kBtu·h of net sensible cooling capacity.

3. Air Containment. Computer rooms with air-cooled computers in racks and with a ITE design load exceeding 10 kW (2.8 tons) per room shall include air barriers such that there is no significant air path for computer discharge air to recirculate back to computer inlets without passing through a cooling system.

EXCEPTION 1 to Section 140.9(a)3: Expansions of existing computer rooms.

EXCEPTION 2 to Section 140.9(a)3: Computer racks with a design load less than 1 kW (0.28 tons) per rack.

EXCEPTION 3 to Section 140.9(a)3: Equivalent energy performance based on computational fluid dynamics or other analysis.

4. Alternating Current-Output Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS). Alternating current-output UPS systems serving a computer room shall meet or exceed minimum average efficiencies in Table 140.9-B. Minimum average efficiency for alternating current-output UPS shall meet or exceed calculation and testing requirements identified in ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPSs) – Eligibility Criteria Version 2.0.

Where:

• P is the rated output power in watts (W).
  
  E_MOD is an allowance of 0.004 for modular UPSs applicable in commercial 1,500-10,000 W range.
  
  ln is the natural logarithm.

The requirement shall be rounded to the third decimal place for certification and reporting.

EXCEPTION to Section 140.9(a)4: Alternating current-output UPS that utilizes standardized NEMA 1-15P or NEMA 5-15P input plug, as specified in ANSI/NEMA WD-6-2016.

Table 140.9-B Alternating Current-Output Uninterruptible Power Supply Minimum Average Efficiency

	Voltage and Frequency Dependent	Voltage Independent	Voltage and Frequency Independent
P≤350 W	5.71 x 10-5 x P + 0.962	5.71 x 10-5 x P + 0.964	0.011 x ln(P) + 0.824
350 W<P≤1,500 W	0.982	0.984	0.011 x ln(P) + 0.824
1,500 W<P≤10,000 W	0.981 – EMOD	0.980 – EMOD	0.0145 x ln(P) +0.800 – EMOD
P>10,000 W	0.970	0.940	0.0058 x ln(P) + 0.886

(b) Prescriptive requirements for commercial kitchens.

1. Kitchen exhaust systems.

A. Replacement air introduced directly into the hood cavity of kitchen exhaust hoods shall not exceed 10 percent of the hood exhaust airflow rate.

B. For kitchen/dining facilities having total Type I and Type II kitchen hood exhaust airflow rates greater than 5,000 cfm, each Type I hood shall have an exhaust rate that complies with TABLE 140.9-C. If a single hood or hood section is installed over appliances with different duty ratings, then the maximum allowable flow rate for the hood or hood section shall not exceed the TABLE 140.9-A values for the highest appliance duty rating under the hood or hood section. Refer to ASHRAE Standard 154-2011 for definitions of hood type, appliance duty and next exhaust flow rate.

EXCEPTION 1 to Section 140.9(b)1B: 75 percent of the total Type I and Type II exhaust replacement air is transfer air that would otherwise be exhausted.

EXCEPTION 2 to Section 140.9(b)1B: Existing hoods not being replaced as part of an addition or alteration.

TABLE 140.9-C - MAXIMUM NET EXHAUST FLOW RATE, CFM PER LINEAR FOOT OF HOOD LENGTH

Type of Hood	Light Duty Equipment	Medium Duty Equipment	Heavy DutyEquipment	Extra HeavyDuty Equipment
Wall-mounted Canopy	140	210	280	385
Single Island	280	350	420	490
Double Island	175	210	280	385
Eyebrow	175	175	Not Allowed	Not Allowed
Backshelf / Passover	210	210	280	Not Allowed

2. Kitchen ventilation.

A. Mechanically cooled or heated makeup air delivered to any space with a kitchen hood shall not exceed the greater of:

i. The supply flow required to meet the space heating and cooling load; or

ii. The hood exhaust flow minus the available transfer air from adjacent spaces. Available transfer air is that portion of outdoor ventilation air serving adjacent spaces not required to satisfy other exhaust needs, such as restrooms, not required to maintain pressurization of adjacent spaces, and that would otherwise be relieved from the building.

B. A kitchen/dining facility having a total Type I and Type II kitchen hood exhaust airflow rate greater than 5,000 cfm shall have one of the following:

i.  At least 50 percent of all replacement air is transfer air that would otherwise be exhausted; or

ii. Demand ventilation system(s) on at least 75 percent of the exhaust air. Such systems shall:

a. Include controls necessary to modulate airflow in response to appliance operation and to maintain full capture and containment of smoke, effluent and combustion products during cooking and idle; and

b. Include failsafe controls that result in full flow upon cooking sensor failure; and

c. Include an adjustable timed override to allow occupants the ability to temporarily override the system to full flow; and

d. Be capable of reducing exhaust and replacement air system airflow rates to the larger of:

(i) 50 percent of the total design exhaust and replacement air system airflow rates; or
(ii) The ventilation rate required as specified by Section 120.1(c)3.

iii. Listed energy recovery devices with a sensible heat recovery effectiveness of not less than 40 percent on at least 50 percent of the total exhaust airflow; or

iv. A minimum of 75 percent of makeup air volume that is:

a. Unheated or heated to no more than 60°F; and

b. Uncooled or cooled without the use of mechanical cooling.

3. Kitchen exhaust system acceptance. Before an occupancy permit is granted for a commercial kitchen subject to Section 140.9(b), the following equipment and systems shall be certified as meeting the Acceptance Requirements for Code Compliance, as specified by the Reference Nonresidential Appendix NA7. A Certificate of Acceptance shall be submitted to the enforcement agency that certifies that the equipment and systems meet the acceptance requirements specified in NA7.11.

EXCEPTION to Section 140.9(b): healthcare facilities.

(c) Prescriptive Requirements for Laboratory and Factory Exhaust Systems.

1. Airflow reduction requirements. For buildings with laboratory exhaust systems where the minimum circulation rate to comply with code or accreditation standards is 10 ACH or less, the design exhaust airflow shall be capable of reducing zone exhaust and makeup airflow rates to the regulated minimum circulation rate, or the minimum required to maintain pressurization requirements, whichever is larger. Variable exhaust and makeup airflow shall be coordinated to achieve the required space pressurization at varied levels of demand and fan system capacity.

EXCEPTION 1 to Section 140.9(c)1: Laboratory exhaust systems serving zones where constant volume is required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, facility Environmental Health & Safety department or other applicable code.

EXCEPTION 2 to Section 140.9(c)1: New zones on an existing constant volume exhaust system.

2. Exhaust System Transfer Air. Conditioned supply air delivered to any space with mechanical exhaust shall comply with the requirements of Section 140.4(o).

3. Fan System Power Consumption. All newly installed fan exhaust systems serving a laboratory or factory greater than 10,000 cfm, shall meet subsection A and either B, C, or D:

A. System shall meet all discharge requirements in ANSI Z9.5-2012.

B. The exhaust fan system power shall not exceed 0.85 watts per cfm of exhaust air for systems with air filtration, scrubbers, or other air treatment devices. For all other exhaust fan systems the system power shall not exceed 0.65 watts per cfm of exhaust air. Exhaust fan system power equals the sum of the power of all fans in the exhaust system that are required to operate at normal occupied design conditions in order to exhaust air from the conditioned space to the outdoors. Exhaust air does not include entrained air, but does include all exhaust air from fume hoods, hazardous exhaust flows, or other manifolded exhaust streams.

EXCEPTION to Section 140.9(c)3B: Laboratory exhaust systems where applicable local, state, or federal exhaust treatment requirements specify installation of air treatment devices that cause more than  1 in. of water  pressure drop.

C. The volume flow rate at the stack shall vary based on the measured 5-minute averaged wind speed and wind direction obtained from a calibrated local anemometer.

i. At least one sonic anemometer or at least two anemometers of other types shall be installed in a location that experiences similar wind conditions to the free stream environment above the exhaust stacks and be at a height that is outside the wake region of nearby structures.

ii. Look-up tables shall be used to define the required exhaust volume flow rate, as a function of at least eight wind speeds and eight wind directions, to maintain downwind concentrations below health and odor limits, as defined by the 2018 American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices, for all contaminants, or as defined by applicable local, state, or federal jurisdictions, if more stringent.

iii. Wind speed/direction sensors shall be certified by the manufacturer to be accurate within plus or minus 40 fpm (0.2 m/s) and 5.0° when measured at sea level and 25°C, factory calibrated, and certified by the manufacturer to require calibration no more frequently than once every 5 years.

iv. Upon detection of anemometer and/or signal failure, the system shall reset the exhaust volume flow rate to the value needed to maintain downwind concentrations below health and odor limits for all contaminants at worst-case wind conditions and shall report the fault to an Energy Management Control System (EMCS) or fault management application which automatically provides notification of the fault to a remote system provider. The EMCS or fault management system shall log the error and the time when it occurred. The system shall have logic that automatically checks for anemometer failure by the following means.

a. If any anemometer has not been calibrated within the manufacturer’s recommended calibration period, the anemometer has failed.

b. During unoccupied periods the system compares the readings of all anemometers. If any anemometer is more than 30% above or below the average reading for a period of 4 hours, the anemometer has failed.

c. Wind speed and wind direction readings shall be sampled at least 10 times per minute. If the difference between the maximum and minimum readings from the average of either the wind direction or the wind speed over a one minute period is less than 10% of the average value, the measurements shall be considered a signal failure.

d. Other error signals sent by the anemometer.

v. Before an occupancy permit is granted for a laboratory or process facility subject to Section 140.9(c)3C, the applicable equipment and systems shall be certified as meeting the Acceptance Requirements for Code Compliance, as specified by the Reference Nonresidential Appendix NA7.16. A Certificate of Acceptance shall be submitted to the enforcement agency that certifies that the equipment and systems meet the acceptance requirements specified in NA7.16.

D. The volume flow rate at the stack shall vary based on the measured contaminant concentration in the exhaust plenum from a calibrated contaminant sensor installed within each exhaust plenum.

i. A contaminant-event threshold shall be established based on maintaining downwind concentrations below health and odor limits for all chemicals at worst-case wind conditions, as defined by the 2018 American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices, or as defined by applicable local, state, or federal jurisdictions, if more stringent.

ii. At least two contaminant concentration sensors shall be Photo Ionization Detectors (PID) certified by the manufacturer to be accurate within plus or minus 5% when measured at sea level and 25°C, factory calibrated, and certified by the manufacturer to require calibration no more frequently than once every 6 months.

iii. Upon detection of sensor and/or signal failure, the system shall reset the exhaust volume flow rate to the value needed to maintain downwind concentrations below health and odor limits for all contaminants at worst-case wind conditions and shall report the fault to an Energy Management Control System or fault management application which automatically provides notification of the fault to a remote system provider. The system shall have logic that automatically checks for sensor failure by the following means.

a. If any sensor has not been calibrated within the manufacturer’s recommended calibration period, the sensor has failed.

b. During unoccupied periods the system compares the readings of all sensors. If any sensor is more than 30% above or below the average reading for a period of 4 hours, the sensor has failed.

iv. Before an occupancy permit is granted for a laboratory or process facility subject to Section 140.9(c)3D, the applicable equipment and systems shall be certified as meeting the Acceptance Requirements for Code Compliance, as specified by the Reference Nonresidential Appendix NA7.16. A Certificate of Acceptance shall be submitted to the enforcement agency that certifies that the equipment and systems meet the acceptance requirements specified in NA7.16.

4. Fume Hood Automatic Sash Closure. Variable air volume laboratory fume hoods with vertical only sashes located in fume hood intensive laboratories, as described in Table 140.9-D, shall have an automatic sash closure system that complies with the following:

A. The automatic sash closure system shall be capable of the following:

i. The automatic sash closure system shall have a dedicated zone presence sensor that detects people in the area near the fume hood sash and automatically closes the sash within 5 minutes of no detection.

ii. The automatic sash closure system shall have controls to prevent the sash from automatic closing when a force of no more than 10 lbs is detected.

iii. The automatic sash closure system shall be equipped with an obstruction sensor that prevents the sash from automatic closing with obstructions in the sash opening. Obstruction sensor shall be capable of sensing transparent materials such as laboratory glassware.

iv. The automatic sash closure system shall be capable of being configured in a manual open mode where once the sash is closed, detection of people in the area near the fume hood by the zone presence sensor does not open the fume hood sash.

B. Fume Hood Automatic Sash Closure Acceptance. Before an occupancy permit is granted for the fume hoods subject to 140.9(c)4, the equipment and systems shall be certified as meeting the Acceptance Requirement for Code Compliance as specified by the Reference Nonresidential Appendix NA7. A Certificate of Acceptance shall be submitted to the enforcement agency that certifies that the equipment and systems meet the acceptance requirements specified in NA7.17.

Table 140.9-D Fume Hood Intensive Laboratories

Occupied Minimum Ventilation ACH	≤ 4	> 4 and ≤ 6	> 6 and ≤ 8	> 8 and ≤ 10	> 10 and ≤ 12	> 12 and ≤ 14
Hood Density (linear feet per 10,000 ft3 of laboratory space	≥ 6	≥ 8	≥ 10	≥ 12	≥ 14	≥ 16